文档介绍：南京师范大学
硕士学位论文
对环境正义的再思考
姓名:季舒恒
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:伦理学
指导教师:曹孟勤
2009
摘要
摘要
现阶段环境正义在批判传统自由主义和功利主义的基础上,以罗尔斯正义论“公平
正义”以及“惠顾最少受惠者”两个正义原则为基础,在理论和实践上都具有积极意义。
从理论上讲,现阶段环境正义理论引入“最少受惠者”原则,充分关注国际环境正义中
存在的主体差异,及其面临的环境问题差异,打破了传统环境正义理论简单将环境问题
归咎于“全人类”的论调,充分关注到“不一样的主体应当承担的不一样的环境责任”。
从实践上讲,环境正义理论将环境正义的实现同政治、经济等相联系,试图通过社会正
义路径来实践环境正义的方法是具有突破性的。
但是由于环境正义在实践中过分关注“环境利益和受害的公平分配”,过分关注主体
间的利益平衡,使得环境正义在理论和实践中都遇到了困境,脱离了原本既关注环境保
护,又关注人类利益的“人与自然和谐统一”的环境伦理方向。本文介绍了环境正义发
展的概况,以及罗尔斯正义论为基础的环境正义在理论和实践中的意义,在肯定现阶段
环境正义价值的基础上,提出了环境正义所面临的几点困境并简单设想了其困境解决的
出路。
关键词:生态伦理;环境正义;反思
I
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental justice which was based on criticize the traditional liberalism and
utilitarianism, and on the foundation of Rawls' two justice principles theory, "justice" and
"greatest benefits for the least fortunate group", were great progressed in both theoretical and
practical parts at present. Theoretically, the environmental justice theory notice that different
people have their different environmental problems does exist nowadays, after using the
principle "greatest benefits for the least fortunate group", environmental justice theory have
broken the explains of traditional theory which supported the inter-environmental problem as a
"mankind question"; and also, "different people have different responsibilities in the
environmental problems" were paid great attention by environmental justice theory. In practice,
the environmental justice theory which contact with political, economic and etc, will have the
breakthrough in environmental justice practice with the path of social justice.
But pay too much attention to " fair distribution of the environmental interests and the
victims", and too much attention to the balance of interests between subjects, environmental
justice theory was encountered difficulties in both theory and practice, and also deviated the
original path of environmental ethics which sugge