文档介绍：河北大学
硕士学位论文
张载人性论思想诠释
姓名:郝亚飞
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:卢子震
20040601
摘要
摘要
人性问题是中国古代哲学长期争论不定的问题概括起来大致可以分为四大
类性善论性恶论性无善恶论性有善有恶论张载在儒学天道观的基础上
自立说以明性建构了一套自己的人性理论
张载的人性论新说是对以往人性论战的一个批判性总结他断言性于人
无不善是对孟子性善论的继承断言气质有善有恶是对荀子性恶论有条件的
吸收他既肯定了人性本善又解释了不善的来源张载在建构新的人性论体系
的过程中除了对以往的人性论思想进行借鉴外还从与之对立的佛学中汲取了
很多营养来充实自身的理论
张载依照由天而人本天道以推人事的逻辑进行人性论建构太虚即气的天
道观是其人性论的理论基础他将超形绝象的太虚本体作为至善的天地
之性的根源这样就突出了太虚的天道本体地位弥补了汉唐儒学气化宇宙论
的不足形而后才有的气质之性是由于气禀的不同所表现在每个人身上
的殊异性而产生的
张载的人性理论将道德价值的超越本体与人性的现实层面统一起来大大拓
展了对人性问题的解释空间对以后儒学史上的人性理论产生了深远的影响
关键字张载人性论诠释
I
Abstract
The issue of humanity is a controvertible question of Chinese ancient philosophy
in the long time. In summarize, this question can generally classify four kinds: The
discussion of kind humanity, evil humanity ,kind and evil humanity not existing or
existing. On the basis of conception that the nature has regularity in Confucianism,
Zhangzai established a serious of humanity theory of his own.
His new theory is a criticized summary of the humanity debate in the passed .He
affirmed : for man, the humanity is kind ,which is in heritance from Mencius’
conception of kind humanity; he affirmed: temperament has kindness and evil, which
is criticized received of Xunzi’s conception of evil humanity. He not only asserted that
humanity is originally kind, but also explained the source of evil of humanity in the
course of establishing a new system of kind humanity. Zhangzai absorbed both the
ideas of humanity in the passed and the opposed theory of Buddhism to enrich his own
theory.
According to the logic from the nature to man carried on his theory of humanity.
The conception of regular nature of “the void depend on for existence of atmosphere ”
which is a theory basis of Zhangzai’s ideas of humanity. He regarded exceeded image
of the supreme ultimale “the void” as the source of “the most kindness” of the
humanity of universe .In this way, he gave prominence to t